Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) is a malignant tumor that originates from primitive mesenchymal tissues. This tumor has a relatively low incidence but an extremely high local recurrence rate, especially in cases with multiple recurrences and extensive invasion of surrounding tissues. The clinical management is quite challenging. This article reports the case of a 50-year-old male patient with a giant RPLS. The patient underwent three surgeries successively. The tumor involved the colon and the psoas muscle fascia, wrapped around the branches of the lumbar plexus nerve. After combined resection of the nerve branches, there was a brief sensory and motor dysfunction in the left lower limb. Based on this case and related literature, this article summarized the diagnosis, pathological characteristics and treatment plans of RPLS, in order to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of RPLS.

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