Objective  To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) overweight and obese children through a Meta-analysis.

Methods  PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM were systematically searched for studies on the prevalence and influencing factors of NAFLD in overweight and obese children. The search time limit was from the establishment of the databases to May 2024. Stata 15.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.

Results  A total of 32 articles were included, with a total sample size of 8 680 cases, including 3 602 children with NAFLD, and 11 influencing factors were involved.Results of Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of NAFLD in overweight and obese children was 45.50% (95%CI: 39.60%-51.30%), the prevalence of male was 48.20% (95%CI: 41.00%-55.30%), and the prevalence of female was 33.40% (95%CI: 26.30%-40.50%). Male (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.19-2.95), body mass index (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.33-1.97), triglyceride (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.52-2.74), insulin resistance index (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.54-2.32) and waist circumference (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.01-1.13) were risk factors for NAFLD in overweight and obese children (P<0.05).

Conclusion    Current evidence suggested that the prevalence of NAFLD in overweight/obese children is at a higher level, in which male, body mass index, triglyceride, insulin resistance index and waist circumference are the main risk factors. In the future, liver function screening should be strengthened in overweight and obese children to slow down or avoid the occurrence of NAFLD.

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