Objective  To explore the hotspots and trends in psychological research on patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery internationally, and to provide references for the psychological research of patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery.

Methods  Literature related to the psychology of patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2009 to 2025 was retrieved. Bibliometric software CiteSpace 6.4.R1 was employed to conduct a visual analysis of the authors, institutions, keywords, and other aspects of the included literature.

Results  A total of 2 620 documents were included. Publication volume exhibited fluctuating growth from 2009 to 2020, followed by a decline from 2020 to 2023, with a rapid increase in 2024. The most prolific author was Mitchell James E (47 papers). The institution with the highest publication count was the University System of Ohio (114 papers). Based on CiteSpace keywords, 630 nodes, 11 clusters, and 25 emergent keywords were formed. The research hotspot focuses on quality of life, body mass index, outcomes, depression, prevalence rate, etc. The research trends include regain, experience, stigma, quality, metabolic surgery, etc.

Conclusion  Currently, international research in the field of psychology of patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery remains highly active. Future research may focus on the subjective experiences of patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery and high-quality longitudinal studies. However, at present, researchers in this field are relatively dispersed, with limited cross-institutional collaboration. Therefore, academic exchanges should be strengthened in the future to promote the establishment of an in-depth collaborative network within the field.

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