Objective  To analyze the medication rules for treating insom-nia-related conditions in publications such as Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the onset of insomnia.

Methods  Using Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other relevant publications as data sources, we conducted a thorough review and screening to identify and include traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for insomnia that met the established criteria. We then utilized data processing tools such as Excel 2007, SPSS Modeler 18.0, SPSS Statistics 26.0, and a bioinformatics analysis tool system for molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to perform frequency analysis, association rule analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.

Results  A total of 130 TCM prescriptions for treating insomnia and related conditions were included in the study from the five relevant pub-lications, comprising 245 TCM herbs, of which 16 appeared with a frequency of 20 or higher. Analysis of association rules for high-frequency drugs identified 7 potential herb pairs; factor analysis yielded 5 common factors; cluster analysis classified them into 4 categories; and KEGG pathway analysis of the high-frequency herb pair Poria-Licorice-Polygala identified 4 potential targets for intervening in insomnia-related conditions.

Conclusion  Medicines used to treat insomnia are primarily of the tonifying, sedative, and heart-calming types, with some also belonging to the heat-clearing and astringent categories. The treatment of insomnia involves complex, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms, primarily related to the regulation of brain neurotransmitters and receptor functions.

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