Risk factors for restless legs syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a Meta-analysis

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Author: MEI Jia ¹ WANG Chen ¹ XUE Wenhan ¹ LIU Yujie ¹ QIN Dianju ¹  JIA Lanfang ²

Affiliation: 1. School of Nursing, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China 2. Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China

Keywords: Maintenance hemodialysis Restless legs syndrome Risk factors Meta-analysis

DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.1004-4337.202408155

Reference: Mei J, Wang C, Xue WH, Liu YJ, Qin DJ, Jia LF. Risk factors for restless legs syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a Meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Mathematical Medicine, 2025, 38(1): 51-59. DOI: 10.12173/j.issn.1004-4337.202408155[Article in Chinese]  Copied

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Abstract

Objective To systematically review the risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in maintenance hemodialysis (maintenance hemodialysis, MHD) patients, and to provide a basis for clinical effective prevention and treatment of RLS.

Methods CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, CBM, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched to collect the studies on the risk factors of RLS in MHD patients from the inception of the databases to July 20, 2024. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation. Revman 5.4 software and Stata 17.0 software were used for Meta-analysis and bias test, respectively.

Results A total of 27 studies were included, including 9 960 cases, involving 18 risk factors. The results of Meta-analysis showed that gender (OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.69-0.97, P=0.02), dialysis age (MD=1.51, 95%CI: 0.04-2.98, P=0.04), hypertension (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.02-1.51, P=0.03), serum creatinine (MD=24.84, 95%CI: 3.01-46.68, P=0.03), hemoglobin (MD=-2.03, 95%CI: -4.29-0.32, P=0.02), β2-microglobulin (MD=5.7, 95%CI: 2.96-8.43, P<0.001), serum calcium (MD=0.04, 95%CI: 0.02-0.06, P<0.001), serum phosphorus (MD=0.09, 95%CI: 0.04-0.14, P<0.001) were the risk factors for RLS in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Conclusion RLS in MHD patients is caused by a variety of factors. Female, long dialysis age, hypertension, increased serum creatinine, decreased hemoglobin, increased β₂-microglobulin, increased serum calcium and phosphorus are all the risk factors for RLS. Therefore, the identification of risk factors for RLS in MHD patients should be strengthened, and the targeted intervention measures for high-risk groups should be taken to effectively prevent and treat RLS.

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