Yolk sac tumor is classified as a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor, originating from the malignant lesions of the yolk sac, an extra embryonic structure. More than 90% of patients have unilateral disease. This article reports a case of a 26-year-old ovarian yolk sac tumor patient. The patient adopted a fertility-sparing treatment and received BEP-based chemotherapy after surgery. After a period of treatment, the patient's symptoms are significantly improved, and various indicators gradually return to normal. The research results show that for patients with yolk sac tumor, adopting effective surgical and chemotherapy management can achieve favorable therapeutic outcomes, providing a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.

1. 刘娟, 初慧君, 单玉萍, 等. 卵巢卵黄囊瘤12例临床分析[J]. 中华妇产科杂志, 2024, 59(3): 210-214. [Liu J, Chu HJ, Shan  YP, et al. Clinical analysis of 12 cases of ovarian yolk sac tumor[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2024, 59(3): 210-214.] DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20231121-00212.

2. 项文静, 茹彤, 徐学翠, 等. 卵巢卵黄囊瘤的声像图特征、临床病理与预后分析[J]. 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）, 2023, 20(1): 41-45. [Xiang WJ, Ru T, Xu XC, et al. Ultrasonographic, clinicopathologic, and prognostic features of ovarian yolk sac tumor[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Ultrasound (Electronic Edition), 2023, 20(1): 41-45.] DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.1672-6448.2023.01.007.

3. Zamani N, Rezaei Poor M, Ghasemian Dizajmehr S, et al. Fertility sparing surgery in malignant ovarian Germ cell tumor (MOGCT): 15 years experiences[J]. BMC Womens Health, 2021, 21(1): 282. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01437-8.

4. 汪刚, 潮敏, 张晔, 等. 85例儿童卵黄囊瘤的临床特点及预后分析[J]. 中华小儿外科杂志，2024, 45(5): 385-392. [Wang  G, Chao M, Zhang Y, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognoses of yolk sac tumor: a report of 85 children[J]. Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2024, 45(5): 385-392.] DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn421158-20231117-00502.

5. 王晗, 陈莲. 儿童肝脏卵黄囊瘤1例[J]. 中华病理学杂志, 2023, 52(3): 308-310. [Wang H, Chen L. Hepatic yolk sac tumor in a child: report of a case[J]. Chinese Journal of Pathology, 2023, 52(3): 308-310.] DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20221031-00904.

6. Rogers D, Menias C, Shaaban A. Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary: clinical and imaging features[J]. Radiol Clin North Am, 2023, 61(4): 579-594. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.02.004.

7. 李娅, 白晓红, 赵晓徽. 卵巢卵黄囊瘤手术和化疗后自然周期体外受精-胚胎移植成功分娩一例并文献复习[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2020, 47(1): 81-84. [Li Y, Bai XH, Zhao XH. Case report about a successful delivery by the natural cycle of IVF-ET after the operation and chemical treatment of ovarian yolk sac tumor, and literature review[J]. Journal Of International Obstetrics And Gynecology, 2020, 47(1):81-84.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1870.2020.01.019.

8. Young RH, Wong A, Stall JN. Yolk sac tumor of the ovary: a report of 150 cases and review of the literature[J]. Am J Surg Pathol, 2022, 46(3): 309-325. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001793.

9. Subramaniam RM, Kurth DA, Waldrip CA, et al. American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria: advancing evidence-based imaging practice[J]. Semin Nucl Med, 2019, 49(2): 161-165. DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.11.011.

10. Anfelter P, Testa A, Chiappa V, et al. Imaging in gynecological disease (17): ultrasound features of malignant ovarian yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors)[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2020, 56(2): 276-284. DOI: 10.1002/uog.22002.

11. Nogales FF, Quiñonez E, López-Marín L, et al. A diagnostic immunohistochemical panel for yolk sac (primitive endodermal) tumours based on an immunohistochemical comparison with the human yolk sac[J]. Histopathology, 2014, 65(1): 51-59. DOI: 10.1111/his.12373.

12. 梁欢, 黎思健, 杨佳欣, 等. Swyer综合征合并性腺非无性细胞瘤的恶性生殖细胞肿瘤15例临床分析[J]. 中华妇产科杂志, 2024, 59(1): 64-69. [Liang H, Li SJ, Yang JX, et al. Swyer syndrome with gonadal non-dysgerminoma malignant germ cell tumors: a report of 15 cases in a national medical center[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 59(1): 64-69.] DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20230906-00088.

13. 汪刚, 潮敏, 张晔, 等. 85例儿童卵黄囊瘤的临床特点及预后分析[J]. 中华小儿外科杂志，2024, 45(5): 385-392. [Wang  G, Chao M, Zhang Y, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognoses of yolk sac tumor: a report of 85 children[J]. Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2024, 45(5): 385-392.] DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn421158-20231117-00502.

14. 陈雪莲, 何连利. 基于SEER数据库分析卵巢卵黄囊瘤的临床病理特征及预后影响因素[J]. 现代妇产科进展, 2022, 31(10): 751-757. [Chen XL, He LL. The clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of ovarian yolk sac tumor: a SE-ER population-based study[J]. Progress in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022, 31(10): 751-757.] DOI: 10.13283/j.cnki.xdfckjz.2022.10.030.

15. 佘祥冬, 倪观太. 卵巢卵黄囊瘤诊疗进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2017, 44(2): 137-141. [She XD, Ni GT. Progress of research on ovarian yolk sac tumour[J]. Journal Of International Obstetrics And Gynecology, 2017, 44(2): 137-141.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1870.2017.02.004.

16. Brown J, Miller A, Holman LL, et al. Results of a randomized phase II trial of paclitaxel and carboplatin versus bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin for newly diagnosed and recurrent Chemonaive stromal ovarian tumors: an NRG oncology/gynecologic oncology group study14[J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2024, 190: 283-290. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.09.002.

17. Liu D, Cai J, Gao A, et al. Fertility sparing surgery vs radical surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of overall survival and disease-free survival[J]. BMC cancer, 2020, 20(1): 320. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06828-y.

18. Apinova E, Martin AS, Bou Zgheib N. A rare case of mixed malignant ovarian germ cell tumor composed of immature teratoma and yolk sac tumor[J]. Cureus, 2025, 17(4): e82242. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.82242.

19. Nawa A, Obata N, Kikkawa F, et al. Prognostic factors of patients with yolk sac tumors of the ovary[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001, 184(6): 1182-1188. DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.113323.

20. 卢淮武, 霍楚莹, 黄纯娴, 等. 《2025 NCCN卵巢癌包括输卵管癌及原发性腹膜癌临床实践指南（第1版）》解读 [J]. 中国实用妇科与产科杂志, 2025, 41(4):436-444. [Lu  HW, Huo  CY, Huang CX, et al. Interpretation of the 2025 NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: ovarian cancer including fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer (version 1) [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2025, 41(4): 436-444.] DOI: 10.19538/j.fk2025040113.

21. Chovanec M, Abu Zaid M, Hanna N, et al. Long-term toxicity of cisplatin in germ-cell tumor survivors[J]. Ann Oncol, 2017, 28(11): 2670-2679. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx360.

22. Ottolina J, Mangili G, Sigismondi C, et al. Reproductive function assessment after surgery plus chemotherapy for germ cell ovarian tumors (MOGCT): novel clues deriving from the field of fertility preservation[J]. Gynecol Endocrinol, 2014, 30(11): 778-780. DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.943724.

23. Li Z, Qi H, Li Z, et al. Research progress on the premature ovarian failure caused by cisplatin therapy[J]. Front Oncol, 2023, 13: 1276310. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1276310.