Objective To analyze the current research status, hotspots, and development trends of metabolic reprogramming in osteoporosis (OP) based on bibliometric methods, and to explore the application of metabolic reprogramming in the treatment of OP, so as to provide references for future research.

Methods Literature was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace 6.3.1 software was employed for visual analysis.

Results A total of 906 articles were included. Publications in this field increased gradually from 2003 to 2025. China and the United States were the countries with the highest publication output and academic influence, respectively. Shanghai Jiao Tong University was the leading institutions in terms of output and centrality. Long FX contributed the most publications. The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research had the highest citation frequency. Core keywords included differentiation, bone mineral density, metabolism, osteoporosis, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Gut microbiota and mechanisms emerged as the latest research hotspots. The top 10 most frequently co-cited references mainly focused on the relationships among glucose metabolism, osteocalcin, the Wnt signaling pathway, insulin, and OP-related metabolic reprogramming.

Conclusion Research on metabolic reprogramming in OP has shown sustained growth in recent years and has become an important direction in the field of bone metabolism. Current focuses include bone mineral density and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, with expanding interest in cross-system mechanisms such as the gut microbiota. Furthermore, future studies are expected to further elucidate multidimensional interaction networks, such as the "metabolism-bone-immune" axis, to identify novel therapeutic targets for OP.

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