Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are mesh like structures released after neutrophil activation, with decondensed chromatin DNA as a scaffold, embedded with histones, neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other granular proteins. NETs were initially discovered to play an important role in host defense by capturing and killing pathogens. Recent studies have shown that excessive or dysregulated formation of NETs participates in the pathological processes of various sterile inflammatory diseases. In ischemic heart disease, especially in acute myocardial infarction, NETs play a key role in atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction through mechanisms such as damaging vascular endothelium, promoting platelet activation and thrombus formation and exacerbating inflammatory responses. This article reviews the formation mechanism, biological functions and role of NETs in ischemic heart disease, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

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