Objective  To explore the relationship between P value and the size of difference or correlation.

Methods  Fixing sample statistics including mean and standard deviation, sample rate, correlation coefficient and OR (95%CI), then the data of independent sample t-test, chi-square test for comparing two sample rates, Pearson linear correlation analysis and univariate Logistic regression analysis were simulated respectively to observe the difference of P value under different sample size.

Results  When the difference in statistics between two sample groups is the same or the statistics within a single sample group are consistent but the sample size is different, the obtained P values may be﹥0.05, between 0.001 and 0.05, or﹤0.001.

Conclusion  The P value is greatly affected by the sample size, and its size does not equal to the magnitude of difference or correlation.

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