In recent years, obesity has become a significant global health concern. Numerous researches have shown the dietary polyphenols can help weight control. However, the bioavailability of polyphenols in the human body is notably low. A small part of the polyphenols can be absorbed in the small intestine, while most of the polyphenols are utilized by the intestinal bacteria in the colon, so as to play their biological roles. Gut microbiota, which is mainly composed of intestinal bacteria and its metabolites, is a key factor for dietary polyphenols to play a role in weight loss. This article reviewed the research progress of gut microbiota involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity by polyphenols.

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