Objective  To explore the relationship between campus green space and the mental health of primary and secondary school students, and to provide a reference for intervention on the mental health of primary and secondary school students based on exposure to campus green space.

Methods  From August to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select students from 9 primary schools, 3 nine-year schools, 11 junior high schools, and 3 high schools in nine cities of Yunnan Province for a mental health questionnaire survey. The campus green space was evaluated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and linear regression.

Results  A total of 4 003 students were included, with an average mental health score of (1.96±0.68) points. Among them, 1 319 (32.95%) had mild mental health problems, 291 (7.27%) had moderate mental health problems, 26 (0.65%) had relatively severe mental health problems, and 8 (0.20%) had serious mental health problems. There were significant differences in mental health scores among primary and secondary school students of different genders and grades (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that NDVI_ in-school (r=-0.05) and NDVI_500 m (r=-0.09) were negatively correlated with the mental health socres of primary and secondary school students. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that gender, grade, NDVI_ in-school, NDVI_500 m were influencing factors of mental health in primary and secondary school students (P<0.001).

Conclusion  It is necessary to carry out mental health education for primary and secondary school students of different genders and ages.

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