Exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage (EIMD) is one of the diseases with high incidence in sports medicine, which has a great impact on the daily life and work of patients. Studies have shown that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, including saponins, polyphenols, polysaccharides, flavonoids and other active substances, such as isothiocyanates, phenylpropanoids and carboxylic acids, can inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial autophagy in experimental animals and patients for clinical observation, promote the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells, regulate nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), phosphorylation mitogen 38-activated protein kinase (p38  MAPK) and other related signaling pathways, and promote the repair of damaged skeletal muscle tissue and speed up the repair process. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of long history, few side effects, multiple treatment targets and affordable price, so it has great potential and bright application prospect in the treatment of EIMD. This article reviews the mechanism of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of EIMD in recent years, in order to provide reference and basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of EIMD.

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