Objective  To explore the effect of octanoic acid diet on improving the health status and reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome in mice, and to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of octanoic acid in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Methods  Sixty SPF-grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a low-fat group (10 female and 10 male mice) and a high-fat group (20 female and 20 male mice). The high-fat group was induced to establish a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. After the model was established, the mice were randomly divided into high-fat (HF) control group (10 female and 10 male mice) and octanoic acid intervention (HF-OC) group (10 female and 10 male mice). The metabolites and related metabolic pathways of octanoic acid in mice with metabolic syndrome were identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), and the mechanism of octanoic acid diet in mice with metabolic syndrome was systematically and comprehensively explained.

Results  In terms of metabolism, octanoic acid intervention significantly reduced the concentrations of β-glucose, leucine, α-glucose, oxidized glutathione, glutamine, and aspartate in the livers of mice with metabolic syndrome, while increasing the level of glycine. Octanoic acid intervention on metabolic syndrome primarily significantly affected four metabolic pathways: ethoxycarbonylation and dicarboxylation metabolism; glutathione metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.

Conclusion  The intervention effect of octanoic acid on metabolic syndrome may be attributed to its ability to inhibit liver fat deposition, alleviate the burden of lipid metabolism in the liver, and improve disorders in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism.

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