Objective  To understand the mental health status and its influencing factors of primary and secondary school students in the border ethnic areas of Yunnan Province, and to provide a basis for the mental health education of primary and secondary school students in this area.

Methods  Using stratified whole-cluster random sampling method, 2 728 students in grades 4 to 9 from eight cities (states) along the border of Yunnan Province were selected from August to December 2023, and their mental health status was investigated using the Mental Health Inventory of Middle-school Students (MMHI-60) and the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC-C).

Results  The total mean positive detection rate of MMHI-60 for primary and secondary school students in the border ethnic areas of Yunnan was 38.27%, of which 30.72% were mildly problematic, 6.74% were moderately problematic, 0.51% were more severely problematic, and 0.29% were severely problematic; and the positive detection rate of MASC-C was 33.47%, including 15.14% of those with mild anxiety, 8.72% of those with moderate anxiety, and 9.60% of those with severe anxiety. Stratified analysis showed that there were significant differences in the detection rates of students' psychological problems by gender, ethnicity, grade, type of household registration, age, whether they were the only child, and parental education (P<0.05). The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the older the age, the higher the percentage of having psychological problems, and gender, Dai, Hani, Lisu, sixth grade, and mother with bachelor's degree and above had effects on the psychological health of students in grades 4 to 9.

Conclusion  The mental health level of primary and secondary school students in border ethnic areas of Yunnan is in the middle range, which is closely related to the gender, age, grade, ethnicity, type of household registration, whether they are the only child, left-behind children, and parents' education, so it is urgent to build a grid- based mental health service management system, establish mental health files, and focus on the mental health status of students from divorced families, left-behind children, and students in poor border rural areas.

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