Severe trauma is a common acute and severe disease in clinic. Its pathological process is complicated, usually accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammation and other injuries, which seriously threaten the life and health of patients. In the face of the complex pathological changes caused by trauma, cells quickly activate a variety of endogenous protective mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes and maintain cell homeostasis. In recent years, important progress has been made in the study of endogenous cellular protection mechanisms after severe trauma, especially the role and regulation of heat shock response, autophagy, antioxidant response and DNA repair mechanism after trauma. This article reviewed the molecular regulation of these mechanisms, aiming to elucidate their potential role in reducing tissue injury, promoting repair and improving clinical prognosis, which provided new ideas and perspectives for post-traumatic cell stress response.

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