Objective  To analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Baoshan District, Shanghai, from 2013 to 2019, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents.

Methods  Based on the physical examination data collected from primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 in Baoshan District, Shanghai from 2013 to 2019, primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 with complete physical examination data were selected as the research subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was used as the criterion for determining overweight and obesity. The detection rates of overweight and obesity were calculated for different genders and grades. Based on different criteria, the differences in the detection rates of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 in Baoshan District, Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 were calculated and compared, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Baoshan District was also compared with that both at home and overseas during the same period. The detection rates of overweight and obesity were compared using group Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test.

Results  A total of 533 419 research subjects were included. From 2013 to 2019, the prevalence of overweight and obesity of primary and secondary school students in Baoshan District, Shanghai showed an increasing trend year by year (overweight: χ²=9 717.955, P_trend<0.001; obesity: χ²=12 460.529, P_trend<0.001). In 2019, the detection rates of overweight and obesity were 16.97% and 16.50%, respectively. Subgroup analysis based on gender revealed that the detection rates of overweight and obesity among boys were 19.77% and 21.04% in 2019. In contrast, for girls, the corresponding figures were 13.89% for overweight and 11.51% for obesity. The rates in boys were higher than those in girls (P<0.001). Subgroup analysis by school stage showed that the obesity rate was higher in primary school, and the overweight rate was prominent in junior high school. Compared with different districts in Shanghai, the detection rates of overweight and obesity in Baoshan District were not only higher than those in Hongkou District, but also exceeded the average level in Shanghai. Compared with different cities in China, the detection rates of overweight and obesity in Baoshan District were higher than those in Beijing, Shenzhen and other economically developed areas. Compared at the international level, the overweight and obesity rates (WHO standards) in Baoshan District in 2019 were 20.48% and 14.90%, respectively, both higher than the average levels in China (19.05%, 12.42%), the overweight rate was higher than that of the United States (16.10%), and the overweight and obesity rate (35.38%) was much higher than that in Japan (17.80%).

Conclusion   From 2013 to 2019, the detection rates of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Baoshan District, Shanghai showed an increasing trend, which was at a relatively high level in China and was close to that of European and American countries. Effective measures should be actively taken for comprehensive prevention and control.

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