Patients with chronic diseases often need to maintain vital signs and receive treatment of chronic diseases through polypharmacy. However, the gastrointestinal toxicities associated with polypharmacy have not received adequate attention. This paper reports a 55-year-old female patient who experienced retrosternal pain accompanied by a sensation of difficulty swallowing after taking aspirin enteric-coated tablets, eszopiclone, etc. over the past year. Following comprehensive endoscopic examination, multiple areas of mucosal loss were identified in the middle and lower esophagus. Pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of esophagitis dissecans superficialis. After treatment with fasting, fluid replacement, acid suppression, and gastric mucosal protection, the symptoms gradually improved. At the six-month follow-up, no similar symptoms were observed. Patients with chronic disease who have taken multiple drugs for a long-term need to pay attention to the potential risk of gastrointestinal injury, and prevent medication-related complications. It also suggests that clinicians should provide more refined medication management strategies for such patients with chronic diseases.

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