Objective  To investigate the potential mechanism of Sanhe Decoction in "homotherapy for heteropathy" for chronic prostatitis (CP)/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods  Chemical constituents and targets of Sanhe Decoction were screened via TCMSP, TCMID, HERB, PubChem, and Swiss Target Prediction databases; CP/CPPS and BPH targets were retrieved from Disgenet, GeneCards, OMIM, and TTD; Venny 2.1.0 was used to identify shared common targets via Venn diagram analysis; STRING was used to construct a core target protein-protein interaction network (PPI) ; Cytoscape 3.9.1 visualized "herb-active compound-potential target-disease" networks and performed topology analysis; GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed using the Microbioinfo platform; CB-dock2 validated molecular docking of key components and targets with visualization.

Results  Sanhe Decoction comprised 212 bioactive compounds targeting 951 related targets; 5 512 CP/CPPS and 1 137 BPH related targets were identified with 240 shared targets obtained from the intersection; Key compounds: quercetin, kaempferol, nookatone, stigmasterol, isorhamnetin, etc.; Core targets: TP53, SRC, AKT1, ESR1, STAT3; GO terms: 245 molecular functions, 130 cellular components, and 3 458 biological processes; KEGG screened 269 pathways, including the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, chemical carcinogene-sis-receptor activation, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and proteoglycans in cancer, suggesting potential mechanisms for the "homotherapy for heteropathy" effect of Sanhe Decoction on CP/CPPS and BPH; Molecular docking verified binding affinity between core compounds and targets.

Conclusion  Sanhe Decoction may exert its "homotherapy for heteropathy" effect on CP/CPPS and BPH by modulating multiple signaling pathways and core targets through active compounds.

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