Objective  To explore the prescription rules of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus based on data mining, in order to provide relevant references for the clinical treatment.

Methods  The traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions in the treatment of diabetes mellitus were retrieved in Yaozhi network, and the prescription rules of traditional Chinese medicine were summarised by using frequency statistics, associated rules, and factor analysis.

Results  A total of 344 traditioanl Chinese medicine formula were included, involving 190 traditional Chinese medicine with 3 371 compatibility and 13 high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine. The attribute analysis of traditional Chinese medicine found that these traditional Chinese medicine treating diabetes mellitus mostly belonged to the categories of tonifying, heat-clearing, and astringency, which were mainly cold, sweet, and entered spleen, kidney meridians, stomach meridians, and lung meridians. The association rules finally obtained 36 traditional Chinese medicine combinations, while factor analysis extracted 5 common factors.

Conclusion  Based on data mining, this study found the high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine, the attribute association and common compatibility in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which can provide reference for clinical treatment of diabetes.

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