Objective  To analyze the status and trends of burden of anemia in China from 1990 to 2020.

Methods  The prevalent cases/prevalence, years lived with disability (YLD)/YLD rate of anemia in China were extracted from the result of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological trend, as well as the distribution and changing trends of different age and gender groups.

Results  The burden of anemia in China showed downward trends from 1990 to 2020. In the past 30 years, there was a significant negative correlation between the prevalence and YLD rate of males, females, and the total prevalence of residents with each year. Compared to 1990, the prevalent cases in 2020 decreased by 36.59% with a 95% uncertain interval (UI) of 36.40% to 36.66%, the prevalence decreased by 47.45% (95%UI: 47.29%-47.50%), the YLD decreased by 43.83% (95%UI: 43.71%-44.60%), the YLD rate decreased by 53.45% (95% UI: 53.34%-54.08%).

Conclusion  The burden of anemia in China continued to decline from 1990 to 2020, but there were still differences among different gender and age groups. Beside children and women of childbearing age, the elderly should also be considered as high-risk groups for anemia, which should be given special attention in anemia prevention.

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