Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a disease in which ischemia-like changes occurrs in tissues and organs triggered by inadequate perfusion of tissues and organs, and when the tissues and organs received adequate blood perfusion again, the damage state of the tissues and organs fails to improve, and on the contrary, the damage continues to aggravate, ultimately resulting in necrosis, which is commonly seen in post-transplantation flaps, and multiple organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and brain. The detailed mechanisms of IRI have yet to be fully elucidated, previous studies found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) was an important pathogenetic factor in IRI, and ROS could stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory substances, such as phospholipase A2, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and angiotensin II from IRI tissues, and induce xanthine oxidase (XO) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase systems, exacerbating local oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, while ROS was involved in apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, causing secondary damage to IRI tissues. This paper reviewed the effect of ROS in IRI skin flaps and the progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention research, in order to provide reference for the development of new therapeutic interventions.

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