Objective  To analyze the detection of cognitive impairment and its relationship with different levels of physical activity in Chinese elderly.

Methods  A total of 8 697 elderly people from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were selected as the research subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the impact of physical activity levels on cognitive function of the elderly.

Results  The detection rate of cognitive impairment in Chinese elderly was 41.6%. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that the elderly who were female [OR=1.43, 95%CI (1.30-1.59)], lived in rural areas [OR=2.05, 95%CI (1.82-2.32)], had no spouse [OR=1.28, 95%CI (1.14-1.45)], sleep time > 8 h [OR=1.68, 95%CI (1.43-1.97)], had no social contact [OR=1.35, 95%CI (1.23-1.48)], and suffered from depression [OR=1.97, 95%CI (1.79-2.16)] had a higher risk of cognitive impairment (P<0.001). The elderly with an educational level of secondary school or higher [OR=0.86, 95%CI (0.74-0.99), P=0.034], high household expenditure [OR=0.90, 95%CI (0.86-0.94), P<0.001], and moderate physical activity level [OR=0.77, 95%CI (0.67-0.89), P<0.001], high physical activity levels [OR=0.81, 95%CI (0.72-0.92), P=0.001] had a lower risk of cognitive impairment.

Conclusion  The detection rate of cognitive impairment in Chinese elderly was high. Moderate or high levels of physical activity may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly.

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