Objective  To systematically evaluate the related influencing factors of oral frailty in the elderly.

Methods  CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies about the influencing factors of oral frailty in the elderly from the establishment of the databases to July 5, 2024. Two researchers independently screened and extracted data from the literature, and conducted literature quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software.

Results  16 articles were included, with a total sample size of 9 146 cases, of which 3 021 cases developed oral frailty, and 17 factors were combined. The results of Meta-analysis showed that smoking [OR=3.92, 95%CI (1.62-9.46), P=0.002], period of physical frailty [OR=2.47, 95%CI (1.31-4.65), P=0.005], period of physical pre-frailty [OR=1.74, 95%CI (1.29-2.34), P<0.001], age [OR=1.37, 95%CI (1.24-1.51), P<0.001], female [OR=1.76, 95%CI (1.28-2.41), P<0.001], malnutrition [OR=1.26, 95%CI (1.05-1.51), P=0.015], and type of diet: meat-based [OR=2.15, 95%CI (1.52-3.05), P<0.001], dietary taste: salty [OR=2.88, 95%CI (1.27-6.53), P=0.011], oral health self-efficacy [OR=12.53, 95%CI (4.66-33.73), P<0.001], monthly income [OR=6.60, 95%CI (3.53-12.35), P<0.001], comorbid other chronic diseases [OR=2.26, 95%CI (1.28-3.99), P=0.005] were risk factors for oral frailty in the elderly; high literacy level [OR=0.12, 95%CI (0.06-0.24), P<0.001], and varied diets [OR=0.77, 95%CI (0.62-0.96), P=0.022] were protective factors for oral frailty in the elderly.

Conclusion  Smoking, period    of physical frailty, period of physical pre-frailty, age, female, malnutrition, diet type of meat-based, diet taste of salty, oral health self-efficacy, monthly income, and comorbid other chronic diseases were risk factors for oral frailty in the elderly, and high literacy level and varied diets were protective factors. Clinical medical staff should focus on the above high-risk groups and take intervention measures as early as possible to reduce the incidence of oral frailty and improve the quality of life of the elderly.

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