Objective  To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of stigma in asthmatic patients.

Methods  The asthmatic patients treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from September 15, 2022 to February 15, 2023 were selected as research subjects by convenience sampling method. The general data questionnaire, Chinese version of the chronic disease stigma scale, social support rating scale and general self-efficacy scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey of asthma patients, and the influencing factors of stigma were analyzed.

Results  A total of 145 asthmatic patients were included. The score of stigma in asthmatic patients was (50.26±24.38). Pearson correlation analysis showed that total score of social support, objective support, subjective support, self-efficacy and total score of stigma were negatively correlated (P<0.05). Different gender, occupation, per capita monthly income, sports and medical history, whether regular medication, whether there are incentives, the total score of stigma had statistical significance (P<0.05). Gender, per capita monthly income and social support were independent influencing factors of stigma in asthmatic patients (P<0.05).

Conclusions  The stigma of asthma patients is at the middle of the king level, and it is proposed that attention should be paid to male patients, low-income patients and patients with low social support to reduce the level of stigma of asthma patients.

1.Global Asthma Network. 2018[EB/OL]. http://globalasthmareport.org/2018/resources/Global_Asthma_Report_2018.pdf.

2.中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组. 支气管哮喘防治指南(2020年版)[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2020, 43(12): 1023-1048. [Asthma Group of Chinese Throacic Society. Guidelines for bronchial asthma prevent and management (2020 edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 2020, 43(12): 1023-1048.] DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200618-00721.

3.Huang K, Yang T, Xu J, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and management of asthma in China: a national cross-sectional study[J]. Lancet, 2019, 394(10196): 407-418. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31147-X.

4.赵秋阁, 陆萍静, 张鸿睿. 青少年哮喘患者病耻感研究进展[J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2018, 35(19): 56-59. [Zhao QG, Lu PJ, Zhang HR, Research progress of stigma in adolescents with asthma[J]. Military Nursing , 2018, 35(19): 56-59.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9993.2018.19.012.

5.Woledesenbet MA, Shumet Mekonen S, Sori LM, et al. Epidemiology of depression and associated factors among asthma patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia[J]. Psychiatry J, 2018, 2018: 5934872. DOI: 10.1155/2018/5934872.

6.Ashager K, Feleke MG, Degefu S, et al. Psychological distress and associated factors among asthmatic patients in Southern, Ethiopia, 2021[J]. Asthma Res Pract, 2023, 9(1): 4. DOI: 10.1186/s40733-023-00093-z.

7.Rao D, Choi SW, Victorson D, et al. Measuring stigma across neurological conditions: the development of the stigma scale for chronic illness (SSCI)[J]. Qual Life Res, 2009, 18(5): 585-595. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-009-9475-1.

8.邓翠玉, 卢琦, 赵岳. 慢性病病耻感量表的汉化及其在脑卒中患者中的信效度研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2017, 20(34): 4304-4309. [Deng CY, Lu Q, Zhao Y. Development of the Chinese version of stigma scale for chronic illness and test of its reliability and validity in stroke patients[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2017, 20(34): 4304-4309.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.34.018.

9.肖水源. 《社会支持评定量表》的理论基础与研究应用[J]. 临床精神医学杂志, 1994, (2): 98-100. [Xiao SY. The theoretical basis and research application of social support rating scale[J]. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine, 1994, (2): 98-100.] DOI: CNKI:SUN:LCJS.0.1994-02-019.

10.Schwarzer R, Aristi B. Optimistic selfbeliefs: assessment of general perceived self-efficacy in thirteen cultures[J]. Word Psychology, 1997, 3(1-2): 177-190. https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=180t0ed0720v00k0h17t02x0h2226790&site=xueshu_se.

11.王才康, 胡中锋, 刘勇. 一般自我效能感量表的信度和效度研究[J]. 应用心理学, 2001, 7(1): 37-40. [Wang CK, Hu ZF, Liu Y. Evidences for reliability and validity of the Chinese version of general self-efficacy scale[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology, 2001, 7(1): 37-40.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6020.2001.01.007.

12.史妍萍, 张红梅, 洪成伟. 全国三级甲等医院青年护士职业成长现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国护理管理, 2021, 21(9): 1381-1386. [Shi YP, Zhang HM, Hong CW. The status quo of young nurses' professional growth and the influencing factors in tertiary grade A hospitals in China[J], Chinese Nursing Management, 2021, 21(9): 1381-1386.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1756.2021.09.021.

13.商薇薇, 鄢建军, 江燕, 等. 成就动机在护士自我效能感与创新能力的中介效应[J]. 护理学报, 2019, 26(23): 61-64. [Shang WW, Yan JJ, Jiang Y, et al. The mediating effect of achievement motivation on nurses' self-efficacy and innovation ability[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2019, 26(23): 61-64.] DOI: 10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2019.23.061.

14.倪平, 陈京立, 刘娜. 护理研究中量性研究的样本量估计[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2010, 45(4): 378-380. [Ni P, Chen JL, Liu N. The sample size estimation hi quantitative nursing research[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2010, 45(4): 378-380.] DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2010.04.037.

15.幸维炜, 周佩如, 杨青, 等. 糖尿病患者病耻感与心理性胰岛素抵抗的现状及其影响因素[J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2021, 38(6): 22-26. [Xing WW, Zhou PR, Yang Q, et al. Status quo of the relationship between stigma and psychological insulin resistance in diabetics and its influencing factors[J]. Military Nursing, 2021, 38(6): 22-26.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-9993.2021.06.006.

16.李利平, 孙建萍, 吴红霞. 养老机构慢性病失能老年人病耻感影响因素研究[J]. 预防医学, 2020, 32(10): 1030-1033. [Li LP, Sun JP, Wu HX. Influencing factors for stigma in the elderly with chronic diseases and disability in nursing homes[J]. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2020, 32(10): 1030-1033. DOI: 10.19485/j.cnki.issn2096-5087.2020.10.014.

17.韦聪云, 姜毅, 高佳晨, 等. 直肠癌造口术患者病耻感影响因素调查[J]. 齐鲁护理杂志, 2019, 25(20): 48-50. [Wei CY, Jiang Y, Gao JC, et al. Investigations on the influencing factors of shame in patients undergoing rectal cancer ostomy[J]. Journal of Qilu Nursing, 2019, 25(20): 48-50.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7256.2019.20.015.

18.徐芳芳. 直肠癌永久性肠造口患者病耻感与应对方式、造口适应、生活质量的相关性研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽医科大学, 2016. [Xu FF. The correlation between stigma and coping modes, stoma-adjustment, quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with permanent stoma.[D]. Hefei: Anhui Medical University, 2016.] DOI: 10.7666/d.D01025952.

19.Campbell DG, Bonner LM, Bolkan CR, et al. Stigma predicts treatment preferences and care engagement among veterans affairs primary care patients with depression[J]. Ann Behav Med, 2016, 50(4): 533-544. DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9780-1.

20.董婧, 李建民, 王建华. 脑卒中急性期偏瘫病人病耻感现况及其影响因素[J]. 循证护理, 2023, 9(3): 520-524. [Dong J, Li JM, Wang JH. Status quo of stigma in acute stroke patients with hemiplegia and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Evidence-Based Nursing, 2023, 9(3): 520-524.] DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.2095-8668.2023.03.029.

21.陈小兰, 陈圣琦, 史洪昊, 等. 基于医疗大数据的中国哮喘患者用药模式识别评价和医疗费用分析[J]. 中国药物经济学, 2019, 14(5): 18-26. [Chen XL, Chen SQ, Shi HH, et al. Identification and evaluation of medicine use pattern and medical cost analysis of asthma patients in China based on medical big data[J]. China Journal of Pharmaceutical Economics, 2019, 14(5): 18-26. DOI: 10.12010/j.issn.1673-5846.2019.05.002.

22.郑艳军. 支气管哮喘发病的危险因素及相关护理对策[J]. 中国保健营养, 2020, 30(17): 254-255. [Zheng YJ. Risk factors and related nursing strategies for the onset of bronchial asthma[J]. China Health Care & Nutrition, 2020, 30(17): 254-255.] https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/zgbjyy-kp202017408.

23.Cooper S, Campbell G, Larance B, et al. Perceived stigma and social support in treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependence[J]. Drug Alcohol Rev, 2018, 37(2): 262-272. DOI: 10.1111/dar.12601.

24.黄海燕, 李云峰, 张灿玲, 等. 社会支持在慢性乙型肝炎患者病耻感与自我管理行为之间的中介作用[J]. 齐鲁护理杂志, 2021, 27(15): 10-13. [Huang HY, Li YF, Zhang CL, et al. Mediating effect of social support between stigma and self-management among patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. Journal of Qilu Nursing, 2021, 27(15): 10-13.] DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7256.2021.15.003.

25.谢水芳. 慢性病患者病耻感的个案工作介入研究——基于江西省J医院的实践[D]. 南昌: 江西财经大学, 2022. [Xie SF. Case work intervention study on the sense of shame in chronic disease patients——based on the practice of J hospital in Jiangxi Province[D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2022.] https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/thesis/ChJUaGVzaXNOZXdTMjAyMzA5MDESCUQwMjY4MDE4MRoIdzhub3lyMzg%3D.

26.喻琳, 李桂蓉. 盆底功能障碍病人病耻感的研究进展[J]. 全科护理, 2022, 20(12): 1614-1618. [Yu L, Li GR. Research progress on shame in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction[J]. Chinese General Practice Nursing, 2022, 20(12): 1614-1618.] DOI: 10.12104/j.issn.1674-4748.2022.12.009.