Esophageal schwannoma is a rare tumor and one of the esophageal submucosal tumors (SMTs). Due to differences in the affected sites and tumor sizes, the clinical manifestations and imaging features were atypical, and preoperative biopsy results usually failed to assist in diagnosis, leading to misdiagnosis in clinical practice. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a 63-year-old female patient who underwent thoracoscopic mediastinal lesion resection due to the discovery of esophageal mucosal thickening during physical examination, and the ultrasound gastroscopy suggested a hypoechoic lesion (possibly a stromal tumor) in the esophagus, and pathologically confirmed to be a schwannoma.

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