Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common form of community-acquired pneumonia that mainly affects children. The clinical symptoms of MPP include fever and cough, and many complications may occur in severe cases. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses and immune responses. This article explored the impact of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on the NF-κB signaling pathway, analyzed its dual roles in cell survival, apoptosis, and immune evasion mechanisms, and discussed the regulatory mechanisms of both classical and non-classical NF-κB pathways. Studies have shown that mycoplasma pneumoniae can promote the release of inflammatory cytokines and further aggravate the inflammatory response by activating the Toll-like receptor 2-nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR2-NF-κB) signaling pathway. Based on this mechanism, the article proposed potential therapeutic strategies, including the application of traditional Chinese medicine components and modern pharmaceuticals, and emphasized the significance of NF-κB as a therapeutic target, which provided a theoretical basis for understanding the pathological mechanisms of MPP and developing novel therapeutic approaches.

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