This paper reported the diagnosis and treatment process of a premature infant with congenital tuberculosis. The child was delivered vaginally at 29⁺¹ weeks of gestational age, and was isolated in negative pressure isolation ward of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Zhongnan Hos-pital of Wuhan University after birth immediately. The mother of the child developed low fever and cough from 15-16 weeks of gestation. She was diagnosed as "subacute hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis" and received antituberculosis treatment for 27 days. On the first day after birth, a small amount of tuberculosis (TB) bacilli was detected in the gastric juice, TB DNA was detected in the sputum, TB antibody was positive, and T-SPOT test was positive in the blood sample on the second day after birth. After admission, the child was placed in a negative pressure ward for isolation, and given respiration and nutritional support. On the second day after birth, triple antituberculosis therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide was executed. The patient's condition gradually improved and no serious symptoms of tuberculosis infection were found. On the 52nd day after birth (corrected gestational age 36⁺⁴ weeks), he was discharged without oxygen and now in continuous follow-up. This case suggests that early diagnosis and standardized treatment can avoid unnecessary death and disability in neonates suspected of congenital tuberculosis infection.

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